What Are HO Scale and N Scale Model Trains?

Model train scales represent the ratio between the model and real-life trains. It's pretty simple: 

  • HO scale operates at a 1:87 ratio, meaning that the model is 1/87th the size of an actual train.
  • N scale uses a diminutive 1:160 ratio, making it significantly smaller than HO scale trains.

HO Scale Model Trains: The Popular Choice

HO Scale Background

HO scale, short for "Half O," became the most popular model train scale worldwide post World War II. They soared in popularity as homes became smaller and more space-conscious.

At 1:87 scale, HO trains offer an ideal balance between detail and space requirements, making them popular for both beginners and experienced model railroaders alike.

HO Scale Advantages

  • Superior Detail: Larger size allows for intricate, authentic detailing on locomotives and rolling stock
  • Extensive Selection: Widest variety of locomotives, cars, and accessories available
  • Easy Handling: Comfortable size for assembly, maintenance, and operation
  • Better Visibility: Easier to see fine details and read small markings
  • Robust Construction: Less fragile than smaller scales
  • Affordable Options: Wide price range from budget to premium models
  • Compatible Accessories: Vast selection of buildings, figures, and scenery materials

HO Scale Disadvantages

  • Space Requirements: Requires more room for realistic layouts
  • Storage Needs: Takes up more storage space than smaller scales
  • Higher Cost: Generally more expensive than N scale for equivalent layouts
  • Limited Portability: Layouts are typically permanent installations

N Scale Model Trains: Maximum Layout in Minimum Space

N Scale Background

N scale, developed in the 1960s, revolutionized model railroading by allowing realistic layouts in compact spaces. At 1:160 scale, N scale trains are approximately half the size of HO scale, enabling modelers to create expansive scenes in limited areas.

N Scale Advantages

  • Space Efficiency: Fits realistic layouts in small rooms or apartments
  • Longer Trains: Can run prototypically long trains in available space
  • Sweeping Curves: Allows for more realistic broad curves and scenic vistas
  • Portable Layouts: Easier to create modular or portable layouts
  • Lower Material Costs: Requires less lumber, wire, and scenery materials
  • Multiple Levels: Space savings enable complex multi-level layouts
  • Cost-Effective Operations: Less expensive to build large layouts

N Scale Disadvantages

  • Limited Detail: Smaller size restricts fine detailing capabilities
  • Handling Challenges: Tiny parts can be difficult to work with
  • Maintenance Issues: More difficult to clean track and service locomotives
  • Derailment Sensitivity: More prone to derailments from track irregularities
  • Smaller Selection: Fewer manufacturer options compared to HO scale
  • Visibility Concerns: Harder to see small details and operating features

Scale Comparison: Key Specifications

Feature HO Scale (1:87) N Scale (1:160)
Track Gauge 16.5mm 9mm
Minimum Curve Radius 18" typical 9.75" typical
Average Car Length 6-8 inches 3-4 inches
Layout Space Needed 4x8 feet minimum 2x4 feet minimum
Price Range $50-500+ locomotives $40-300+ locomotives

Which Scale Should You Choose?

Choose HO Scale If You:

  • Have adequate space for a permanent layout
  • Enjoy detailed modeling and weathering
  • Want the widest selection of products
  • Prefer easier handling and maintenance
  • Plan to operate with multiple people

Choose N Scale If You:

  • Have limited space for model railroading
  • Want to model long trains and broad landscapes
  • Need a portable or modular layout
  • Have a limited budget for layout construction
  • Enjoy the challenge of compact modeling

Popular Manufacturers by Scale

HO Scale Leaders

  • Athearn: Genesis and Ready-to-Roll lines
  • Atlas: Master and Trainman series
  • Bachmann: Spectrum and standard lines
  • Walthers: Proto and Trainline series
  • Intermountain: Highly detailed models

N Scale Manufacturers

  • Kato: Premium Japanese precision
  • Atlas: Master and Trainman N lines
  • Bachmann: Spectrum N and standard
  • Intermountain: High-end N scale models
  • Micro-Trains: Couplers and freight cars

Conclusion: Making Your Scale Decision

Both HO scale and N scale offer rewarding model railroading experiences. HO scale provides superior detail and ease of handling, making it ideal for modelers who prioritize craftsmanship and have adequate space. N scale excels in space efficiency and operational possibilities, perfect for modelers with limited room who want to capture the grandeur of real railroading.

Consider your available space, budget, modeling interests, and long-term goals when choosing between these popular scales. Many modelers eventually try both scales, finding unique advantages in each for different projects and layouts.